Purdue university purdue epubs international refrigeration and air conditioning conference school of mechanical engineering 2010 refrigerant r1234yf performance comparison. Ce compass 7 level freon halogen refrigerant gas leak detector r410a r4a hvac tool cfc hfc leak detection tools high sensitivity green. Scroll down to find download buttons for pressure enthalpy charts in either metric or imperial units. Hfc4a does not contain chlorine like cfc12 refrigerant does.
In 16th international refrigeration and air conditioning conference at. Whatever refrigerant r4a styles you want, can be easily bought here. The environmental alternative to traditional refrigerants. It is now being used as a replacement for r12 cfc refrigerant in the area of centrifugal.
R4a consists of 2 hydrogen atoms and 4 four fluorine atoms, bonded to 2 carbon atoms. Haynes physical and chemical properties division national institute of standards and technology 325 broadway boulder, colorado 80303 november 1996 prepared for the airconditioning and refrigeration technology institute under arti mclr project number. Jul 15, 2010 the thermodynamic properties of a hydrofluoroolefin hfo refrigerant are presented. Thermodynamic properties of trans1,3,3,3tetrafluoropropene.
The potential for a single molecule of the refrigerant to destroy the ozone layer. Thermophysical properties of hcfc alternatives final report 1 april 1994 31 october 1996 w. The idea was to use the refrigerant r22 as working fluid, and then replace it by the refrigerants. Refrigerators and freezers can also use it as a refrigerant, and hfc4a is also used in aerosol cans. The objective of this paper is to present thermodynamic properties and characteristics of the binary refrigerant mixtures r 32 r 4a in compositions 2080%, 3070%, 4060% by mass and of the. Approved in 2011, hc has a low gwp and is one of the most climatefriendly and costeffective refrigerants available. This international standard specifies thermophysical properties of several commonly used refrigerants and refrigerant blends. R4a is also known as tetrafluoroethane cf3ch2f from the family of hfc refrigerant.
It is safe for normal handling as it is nontoxic, nonflammable and noncorrosive. Environmental protection agency epa listed r4a as an unacceptable refrigerant for certain refrigeration and air conditioning applications under its significant new alternatives. Refrigerant r1234yf performance comparison investigation. A refrigerant is a substance or mixture, usually a fluid, used in a heat pump and refrigeration. Answer a states that r4a changes from a vapor to a liquid as it absorbs heat. Refrigerant r22 properties properties of refrigerant r22 dichlorodifluoromethane saturated liquid and saturated vapor imperial and metric units. Because agencies like the environmental protection agency epa are concerned with protecting the environment and cutting down on pollution. In 16th international refrigeration and air conditioning conference at purdue, july 1114, 2016.
R4a refrigerant pressure temperature sample chart free. R407cpsltt r407cpsvtt r407c t sl p p r407c t s vp p r407cdsltt r407cdsvtt r407chsltt r407chsvtt r407cssltt r407cssvtt r407ccpsltt r407ccpsvtt r407ccvsltt r407ccvsvtt r407csurftenstt r407cwsltt r407cwsvtt. Refrigerants are chemicals used for cooling in automobile air conditioners, window air conditioners. A comparison between refrigerants used in air conditioning. Their thermodynamic characteristics constitute as ideal replacement for r502 for refrigeration sector in new facilities at low and medium temperatures.
Refrigerant r4a properties thermodynamic properties of refrigerant r4a. It is now being used as a replacement for the more environmentally harmful r12. Equation of state reiner tillnerroth and hans dieter baehr. Hfo refrigerants are composed of hydrogen, fluorine and carbon atoms, but contain at least one double bond between the carbon atoms. This international standard is applicable to the refrigerants r12, r22, r32, r123, r125, r4a, r143a, r152a, r717 ammonia, and r744 carbon dioxide and to the refrigerant blends r404a, r407c, r410a, and r507a.
R4a is an extremely common refrigerant used in a wide range of. Thermodynamic properties of duponttm freonr 22 refrigerant. Vapour charging solstice n40 may result in the wrong refrigerant composition and could damage the system. With the discovery of the damaging effect of cfcs and hcfcs refrigerants to the ozone layer, the hfc family of refrigerant has been widely used as their replacement. Tables of the thermodynamic properties of dupont freon. Synthetic, pure r11 r12 r r14 r21 r22 r23 r1 r114 r123 r4a r152 rc318 mixture r401a r401b r401c r402a r402b r404a r406a r407a r407b r407c r408a r409a r410a r410b r. R4a refrigerant pressure temperature sample chart free download. Characteristics of refrigerant 4a free ase practice tests. This site is like a library, you could find million book here by using search box in the header. Here are some of the desirable properties of refrigerant explained in detail.
Influence of refrigerant r4ar1234yf properties on cooling performance of an automobile hvac. R12 is a colorless gas containing 2 atoms of chlorine and 2 atoms of fluorine, bonded to an atom of carbon. Occupational exposure limits, if available, are listed in section 8. Pdf refrigerant r4a properties aman kumar academia. Read online refrigerant r4a freon book pdf free download link book now. Synthetic, pure r11 r12 r r14 r21 r22 r23 r1 r114 r123 r4a r152 rc318 mixture r401a r401b r401c r402a r402b r404a r406a r407a r.
R4apstt r4a t s p p r4adsltt r4adsvtt r4ahsltt r4ahsvtt r4assltt r4assvtt r4acpsltt r4acpsvtt r4acvsltt r4acvsvtt r4adynvissltt r4adynvissvtt r4aprsltt r4aprsvtt r4asurftenstt. Higher heat transfer coefficient requires smaller area and lower pressure drop. Its important that every business owner who uses a refrigerator or freezer be knowledgeable of refrigerant rules and regulations. R4a is an inert gas used primarily as a hightemperature refrigerant for domestic refrigeration and automobile air conditioners. The global development resource center considers hfc4a a greenhouse gas that contributes to global. Whenever we choose them for particular use properties of refrigerants also plays a vital role in economic and environmental friendly application. Refrigerant r4a thermodynamic properties eng units 2 equations the mbwr. The reason can be found in the structure and properties of the molecules. Reduce refrigerant leak to 10% per year, refrigerant gwp by 50%, and reduce charge by 65% 40% indirect warming impact energy consumption. Characteristics of refrigerant 4a free ase practice. Properties of refrigerants n low boiling point and high latent heat of. Pdf influence of refrigerant r4ar1234yf properties. Toxicity is the important properties of refrigerants. R4a pressure enthalpy chart the engineering mindset.
What restaurants need to know about new refrigerant regulations. Model accounting for refrigerant thermodynamic and transport properties. Though hfc4a doesnt damage the ozone layer, it is not considered completely safe. The desired thermodynamic properties are a boiling point somewhat below the target temperature, a high heat of vaporization. Thermodynamic properties of duponttm freonr 22 refrigerant author. If you want to buy cheap refrigerant r4a, choose refrigerant r4a from. Viscosity of refrigerants and other working fluids from residual entropy scaling. Refrigerants color codes refrigerants and their color codes. The thermodynamic properties of a hydrofluoroolefin hfo refrigerant are presented. Jack 6 presented an excel addin for the thermophysical properties of steam and air and oke and diemuodeke 7 developed a similar tool for thermodynamic properties of refrigerant r152a. Ce compass 7 level freon halogen refrigerant gas leak detector r410a r4a hvac tool cfc hfc leak detection. This model is based on helmholtz energies for each of the mixture components, and it is the approach used in the nist refprop refrigerant property database lemmon et al.
A similar comparison of mixture models reported by annex 18 facilitated the dissemination and adoption of a new mixture modelling approach. R407cpsltt r407cpsvtt r407c t sl p p r407c t s vp p r407cdsltt r407cdsvtt r407chsltt r407chsvtt r407cssltt r407cssvtt r407ccpsltt r407ccpsvtt. R4a has an ozone depletion potential odp factor of zero 0. These charts were provided courtesy of danfoss, using their free coolselector 2 software. Reference states used for most refr igerants correspo nd to the inter. All refrigerants use r11 as a datum reference where r11 has an odp of 1. The txv metering device converts high pressure liquid into little low pressure liquid droplets that change from a liquid to a vapor. The refrigerants should be non poisonous to humans and food stuff.
As a result, a refrigerant that has similar thermodynamic properties could be an alternative to r22. Minimum rating minimum rating minimum rating minimum rating minimum rating. Desirable properties of refrigerants chemical engineering site. Thermodynamic properties of duponttm freonr 12 r12. Technical r404a data sheet features and uses of r404a r404a is a ternary mixture consisting of r125, r143a and r4a.
The current refrigerants available at this time are. Low gwp opteon refrigerants are designed as alternatives to replace previous refrigerants used for ac, refrigeration, and heat pump applications. This means it traps 1,430 times as much heat per kilogram as carbon dioxide does over a 100year period. Standards and climate policy implications of engineering constraints hung pham, emerson climate technologies harvey sachs, american council for an energyefficient economy abstract there is no single perfect refrigerant for diverse air conditioning, refrigeration, and industrial applications. The epa recommends foodservice businesses choose r290 also known as hydrocarbon or hc refrigerant, which is natural, nontoxic, and free of ozonedepleting properties. Refrigerant gas for refrigeration and airconditioning systems. R4a, chemically 1,1,1,2tetrafluoroethane cf 3 ch 2 f is a nonflammable gas used primarily as a hightemperature refrigerant for domestic refrigeration and automobile air conditioners. Therefore, only chlorinefree refrigerants are permitted today. Refrigeration n changes phase due to change in pressure n most common cryogens are n solid carbon dioxide n liquid carbon cook chill systems n used to replace warm holding of foods n cook chill system. R4apstt r4a t s p p r4adsltt r4adsvtt r4ahsltt r4ahsvtt r4assltt r4assvtt r4acpsltt r4acpsvtt r4acvsltt r4acvsvtt. Solstice n40 must be only liquid charged into a system to ensure proper refrigerant composition and system performance.
A throttling valve should be used to control the flow. Refrigerants physical properties engineering toolbox. A international standard formulation for the thermodynamic properties of 1,1,1,2tetrafluoroethane hfc4a for temperatures from 170 k to 455 k and pressures up to 70 mpa. The r22 refrigerant which is used as an alternative to cfcincluded refrigerants, has got a low odp value and thus, its use is permitted until the year 2030. Duponttm refrigerants, technical information keywords. The toxicity depends upon the concentration and exposure.
Due to its composition, r1234yf does not damage the ozone layer or has minimal global warming impact. Jul 17, 2017 auto air conditioners use hfc4a as a refrigerant. Refrigerant r4a freon pdf book manual free download. From table 3, it can be s een that the capacity of r1234zee is 22. Download limit exceeded you have exceeded your daily download allowance. It has long been used in a variety of airconditioning and refrigeration applications in a variety of markets. A suggested basis for the comparison is to compare the performance of the basic cycle, i. Apr 12, 2020 refrigerants are widely used in refrigeration cycle where cooling effect below the atmospheric temperatures are needed. Substance any concentration shown as a range is to protect confidentiality or is due to batch variation. The experimental facility provides instrumentation and control strategies which allowed evaluating the behavior of the mass flow rate of refrigerant, the refrigeration capacity, the power. It is essential that systems be charged with liquid from the cylinder. It can be used in a wide range of programming environments. This reminds us of some of the basic characteristics of r4a refrigerant.
This makes the equipments compact and reduced the operating cost. Notice the 2 chlorine atoms in the r12 are missing and hydrogen atoms have been added. It is also a common component in many hfc refrigerant blends and is used. It endeavors to provide the products that you want, offering the best bang for your buck.